Acute Heart Failure Symptoms

Introduction

Acute heart failure (AHF) is a sudden onset or rapid worsening of heart failure symptoms. It is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. Understanding its symptoms and seeking early treatment can improve outcomes.

Common Symptoms

1. Breathing Difficulties

  • Shortness of breath (dyspnea), especially when lying down.
  • Sudden nighttime breathlessness (paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea).
  • Rapid breathing and feeling of suffocation.

2. Fluid Retention and Swelling

  • Swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet (peripheral edema).
  • Sudden weight gain due to fluid buildup.
  • Swelling of the abdomen (ascites).

3. Fatigue and Weakness

  • Feeling unusually tired and weak.
  • Reduced exercise capacity and difficulty performing daily tasks.

4. Chest Symptoms

  • Chest pain or discomfort, which may indicate underlying cardiac ischemia.
  • Palpitations or irregular heartbeat.

5. Mental Confusion and Dizziness

  • Difficulty concentrating.
  • Lightheadedness or episodes of fainting.

When to Seek Help?

Emergency medical help is required if: - You experience sudden shortness of breath or wheezing. - You have severe chest pain. - You feel dizzy or faint frequently.

Early recognition and treatment of acute heart failure can prevent complications and improve survival rates.

Source recommendations

1. American Heart Association Guidelines on Heart Failure

  1. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001063
  2. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-failure
  3. https://professional.heart.org/en/guidelines-and-statements
  4. https://www.heart.org/en/professional/quality-improvement/get-with-the-guidelines/get-with-the-guidelines-heart-failure
  5. https://professional.heart.org/en/science-news/-/media/832EA0F4E73948848612F228F7FA2D35.ashx

2. European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Heart Failure

  1. https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Acute-and-Chronic-Heart-Failure
  2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34447992/
  3. https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/42/36/3599/6358045
  4. https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Focused-Update-on-Heart-Failure-Guidelines
  5. https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/44/37/3627/7246292

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