Atrial Fibrillation (AFib): Definition and Overview

Introduction

Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia, characterized by an irregular and often rapid heartbeat. It occurs when the upper chambers of the heart (atria) beat chaotically, disrupting normal blood flow and increasing the risk of serious complications like stroke and heart failure.

Causes and Risk Factors

AFib can be caused by various factors, including: - High blood pressure (hypertension) - Heart disease (coronary artery disease, heart valve problems, cardiomyopathy) - Excessive alcohol or caffeine consumption - Sleep apnea - Thyroid disorders (hyperthyroidism) - Obesity and metabolic syndrome - Advancing age (more common in individuals over 60) - Genetic predisposition

Symptoms

Some people with AFib may not experience noticeable symptoms, while others may have: - Palpitations (irregular, rapid heartbeat) - Fatigue and weakness - Dizziness or lightheadedness - Shortness of breath - Chest discomfort or pain

Complications

AFib significantly increases the risk of: - Stroke (due to blood clot formation in the atria) - Heart failure (because the heart does not pump efficiently) - Cognitive decline and dementia

Diagnosis

Doctors diagnose AFib using: - Electrocardiogram (ECG) (the primary test) - Holter monitor (a portable ECG for prolonged monitoring) - Echocardiography (to assess heart structure and function) - Blood tests (to check for underlying conditions like thyroid disease)

Treatment

Treatment depends on the severity and cause of AFib but may include: - Medications (to control heart rate, rhythm, and prevent blood clots) - Cardioversion (electrical or drug-induced normal rhythm restoration) - Ablation therapy (destroying problematic heart tissue causing AFib) - Lifestyle changes (healthy diet, stress management, reduced alcohol and caffeine intake)

Conclusion

AFib is a serious but manageable condition. Early diagnosis and proper treatment can significantly reduce complications. Follow your doctor’s advice and maintain a heart-healthy lifestyle to minimize risks.

Source recommendations

1. American Heart Association Guidelines on Atrial Fibrillation

  1. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001193
  2. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/atrial-fibrillation
  3. https://professional.heart.org/en/science-news/2023-acc-aha-accp-hrs-guideline-for-the-diagnosis-and-management-of-atrial-fibrillation
  4. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/atrial-fibrillation/treatment-and-prevention-of-atrial-fibrillation/treatment-options-of-atrial-fibrillation-afib-or-af
  5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38033089/

2. European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation

  1. https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Atrial-Fibrillation
  2. https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/45/36/3314/7738779
  3. https://www.escardio.org/static-file/Escardio/Guidelines/Documents/ehaa612.pdf
  4. https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/42/5/373/5899003
  5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32860505/

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