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We provide our users the most up-to-date and accurate information on the treatment and prevention of cardio pathologies in accordance with current American and European clinical guidelines.
The information provided on this website is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult a licensed physician for diagnosis and treatment.
Atrial Fibrillation (AFib): Medical Meaning and Explanation
Introduction
Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) is a common type of irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia) that affects the upper chambers of the heart (atria). Instead of contracting normally, the atria beat chaotically and irregularly, which can lead to poor blood flow and increase the risk of blood clots, stroke, and heart failure.
Causes of AFib
AFib can be caused by various factors, including: - High blood pressure (hypertension) - Heart diseases , like coronary artery disease or valve problems - Hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid gland) - Excessive alcohol consumption - Obstructive sleep apnea - Lung diseases (e.g., COPD) - Electrolyte imbalances - Stress or intense physical exertion
Symptoms of AFib
Some people may have no symptoms, while others experience: - Palpitations (rapid, fluttering heartbeats) - Shortness of breath - Dizziness or lightheadedness - Fatigue - Chest discomfort
Possible Complications
- Increased risk of stroke : Because blood can pool in the atria and form clots, which can travel to the brain.
- Heart failure : The heart may weaken over time if left untreated.
- Cognitive issues : A higher risk of dementia and cognitive decline.
Diagnosis and Treatment
How is AFib Diagnosed?
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) : The primary test for detecting irregular heart rhythms.
- Holter monitor : A portable ECG worn for a day or more.
- Echocardiogram : Ultrasound of the heart to check for structural problems.
- Blood tests : To assess for causes like thyroid dysfunction or electrolyte imbalances.
Treatment Options
- Medications : Beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers for rate control, anticoagulants to reduce stroke risk.
- Cardioversion : A procedure to reset the heart’s rhythm using electric shocks or medication.
- Catheter Ablation : A minimally invasive procedure to destroy abnormal heart tissue causing AFib.
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Lifestyle Changes
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- Quit smoking and reduce alcohol intake.
- Maintain a heart-healthy diet and exercise regularly.
- Manage stress and treat underlying conditions like sleep apnea.
Summary
AFib is a common yet serious heart condition that requires early detection and management. With proper treatment, many people can live full and healthy lives while reducing their risk of stroke and heart complications.
For further medical guidance, consult your cardiologist and follow clinical recommendations.
Source recommendations
1. 2023 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/Heart Rhythm Society Guideline for Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001193
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38033089/
- https://www.hrsonline.org/guidance/clinical-resources/2023-accahaaccphrs-guideline-diagnosis-and-management-patients-atrial-fibrillation
- https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2023/11/27/19/46/2023-acc-guideline-for-af-gl-af
- https://professional.heart.org/en/science-news/2023-acc-aha-accp-hrs-guideline-for-the-diagnosis-and-management-of-atrial-fibrillation
2. 2020 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32860505/
- https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/42/5/373/5899003
- https://www.escardio.org/static-file/Escardio/Guidelines/Documents/ehaa612.pdf
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001193
- https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Atrial-Fibrillation
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If you or your loved ones experience any of these symptoms, you should consult a doctor in time. Remember that self-medication can be dangerous, and timely diagnosis will preserve the quality and life expectancy.
The heart is an organ that does not know how to "keep silent" if something goes wrong. Chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling, dizziness, and rhythm disturbances are the symptoms that require our attention. The best prevention of heart disease is careful attention to your health, regular checkups with a doctor, and a healthy lifestyle. Take care of your heart, and it will serve you for many years!
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