About-Cardio
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We provide our users the most up-to-date and accurate information on the treatment and prevention of cardio pathologies in accordance with current American and European clinical guidelines.
The information provided on this website is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult a licensed physician for diagnosis and treatment.
Anterior Myocardial Infarction (AMI)
Introduction
Anterior myocardial infarction (AMI) is a severe form of heart attack that affects the front wall of the left ventricle. It is primarily caused by a blockage in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery, which supplies oxygen-rich blood to a large portion of the heart.
Causes and Risk Factors
- Atherosclerosis (narrowing of arteries due to cholesterol buildup)
- Blood clots blocking the LAD artery
- Hypertension (high blood pressure)
- Diabetes mellitus
- Smoking
- Obesity
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Family history of coronary artery disease
Symptoms
- Severe chest pain radiating to the left arm, jaw, or back
- Shortness of breath
- Sweating
- Nausea or vomiting
- Lightheadedness or fainting
Diagnosis
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): ST-segment elevation in the precordial leads (V1-V6) suggests an anterior MI.
- Cardiac troponin levels: Elevated troponin indicates myocardial damage.
- Echocardiogram: Assesses heart muscle function and wall motion abnormalities.
- Coronary angiography: Identifies blockages in coronary arteries.
Treatment
Immediate Management
- Aspirin and P2Y12 inhibitors (e.g., clopidogrel) to prevent further clot formation.
- Pain relief with nitroglycerin or morphine.
- Oxygen therapy if oxygen levels are low.
- Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI): The preferred method to reopen blocked arteries using a stent.
- Thrombolytic therapy: If PCI is unavailable within the optimal time frame.
Long-term Management
- Beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors to reduce heart strain.
- Statins to lower cholesterol.
- Lifestyle modifications: Healthy diet, regular physical activity, smoking cessation.
- Regular follow-ups with a cardiologist.
Prognosis and Complications
- With prompt treatment, survival rates improve significantly.
- Possible complications include heart failure, arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat), cardiogenic shock, or ventricular aneurysm.
Prevention
- Control blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose levels.
- Maintain a healthy diet and exercise regularly.
- Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
- Regular check-ups to monitor cardiovascular risk factors.
Source recommendations
1. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association STEMI Guidelines
- https://www.acc.org/Guidelines
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/cir.0b013e3182742cf6
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23256914/
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.cir.0000134791.68010.fa
- https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.09.005
2. European Society of Cardiology STEMI Guidelines
- https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Acute-Coronary-Syndromes-ACS-Guidelines
- https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/44/38/3720/7243210
- https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines
- https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/39/2/119/4095042
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37622654/
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If you or your loved ones experience any of these symptoms, you should consult a doctor in time. Remember that self-medication can be dangerous, and timely diagnosis will preserve the quality and life expectancy.
The heart is an organ that does not know how to "keep silent" if something goes wrong. Chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling, dizziness, and rhythm disturbances are the symptoms that require our attention. The best prevention of heart disease is careful attention to your health, regular checkups with a doctor, and a healthy lifestyle. Take care of your heart, and it will serve you for many years!
Our advantages:
Best practices from USA, EU and Japan
Our answers to your questions are based on the clinical recommendations of countries with the most developed healthcare systems in the field of cardiology in the USA, the EU and Japan.
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On a daily basis, we monitor for you all new scientific research publications in leading scientific journals on medical issues of interest to you.
We monitor all innovations and changes in the field of cardiac disease treatment on a daily basis.
We monitor all innovations and changes in the field of cardiac disease treatment on a daily basis.
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Every 3-5 years, half of the scientific approaches to treatment in the field of cardiology are reviewed as a result of specialized scientific discoveries. With us, you don't have to wait these years to learn about the best ways to treat you and your loved ones.