About-Cardio
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We provide our users the most up-to-date and accurate information on the treatment and prevention of cardio pathologies in accordance with current American and European clinical guidelines.
The information provided on this website is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult a licensed physician for diagnosis and treatment.
Anterolateral Myocardial Infarction (MI) on ECG
Introduction
Anterolateral myocardial infarction (MI) is a type of heart attack that affects the frontal and side walls of the left ventricle. It is a severe condition that requires rapid diagnosis and treatment.
ECG Findings in Anterolateral MI
1. Affected Leads:
- ST-segment elevation in leads I, aVL, V3-V6.
- Reciprocal ST depression in inferior leads (III, aVF, sometimes II).
2. Q Wave Formation:
- Pathological Q waves may develop in the affected leads, indicating full-thickness myocardial injury.
3. T Wave Inversions:
- As the infarction progresses, deep symmetrical T wave inversions can appear.
4. Reciprocal Changes:
- ST depression may be seen in the opposite (inferior) leads like III and aVF.
Causes and Risk Factors
- Coronary artery disease (CAD)
- Hypertension
- Diabetes mellitus
- Smoking
- High cholesterol
Immediate Management
- Rapid revascularization via PCI (Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) or fibrinolysis.
- Aspirin + P2Y12 inhibitors (clopidogrel, ticagrelor, or prasugrel).
- Anticoagulation (heparin or enoxaparin).
- Beta-blockers (if no contraindications).
- Oxygen therapy (if hypoxic, SpO2 <90%).
- Nitroglycerin (unless contraindicated by hypotension).
Conclusion
Anterolateral MI is a life-threatening condition that can be diagnosed using ECG. Recognizing ST-segment elevation in the appropriate leads and initiating immediate treatment can help save a patient's life.
Source recommendations
1. American Heart Association Guidelines for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/cir.0b013e3182742cf6
- https://professional.heart.org/en/science-news/2021-acc-aha-scai-guideline-for-coronary-artery-revascularization
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.cir.0000134791.68010.fa
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23256914/
- https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/treatment-of-a-heart-attack
2. European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on Acute Coronary Syndromes
- https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Acute-Coronary-Syndromes-ACS-Guidelines
- https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/44/38/3720/7243210
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37622654/
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001309
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32860058/
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If you or your loved ones experience any of these symptoms, you should consult a doctor in time. Remember that self-medication can be dangerous, and timely diagnosis will preserve the quality and life expectancy.
The heart is an organ that does not know how to "keep silent" if something goes wrong. Chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling, dizziness, and rhythm disturbances are the symptoms that require our attention. The best prevention of heart disease is careful attention to your health, regular checkups with a doctor, and a healthy lifestyle. Take care of your heart, and it will serve you for many years!
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