Bradyarrhythmia: Symptoms and Explanation

Introduction

Bradyarrhythmia refers to an abnormally slow heart rhythm (bradycardia) associated with irregular electrical impulses. It can lead to inadequate blood flow to the body, affecting overall health. Understanding the symptoms is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment.

Key Symptoms of Bradyarrhythmia

  • Fatigue and Weakness: A slow heart rate may reduce oxygen delivery to tissues, leading to tiredness.
  • Dizziness or Lightheadedness: Insufficient blood flow to the brain can cause dizziness.
  • Fainting (Syncope): A very slow heart rate may temporarily stop adequate blood supply, leading to unconsciousness.
  • Shortness of Breath: The body may struggle to get enough oxygen, especially during activity.
  • Chest Pain or Discomfort: Reduced circulation can cause chest pain in some cases.
  • Cognitive Impairments: Lack of proper blood supply may cause confusion, memory issues, or difficulty concentrating.
  • Palpitations: Some individuals may feel irregular or skipped heartbeats.

Possible Causes and Risk Factors

  • Age-Related Conduction System Degeneration
  • Heart Disease (e.g., coronary artery disease, heart attack history)
  • Electrolyte Imbalances (e.g., low potassium or magnesium levels)
  • Medication Side Effects (e.g., beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers)
  • Sleep Apnea
  • Hypothyroidism

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you or someone you know experiences recurrent dizziness, fainting, or extreme fatigue, it's essential to seek medical evaluation. Severe bradyarrhythmia may require treatment such as a pacemaker.

Source recommendations

1. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines for Bradycardia and Conduction Delay

  1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30412710/
  2. https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2018/11/05/15/12/2018-acc-aha-hrs-guideline-on-bradycardia
  3. https://www.jacc.org/guidelines/bradycardia
  4. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000628
  5. https://www.heartrhythmjournal.com/article/S1547-5271(18)31127-5/fulltext

2. European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for The Management of Cardiac Arrhythmias

  1. https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Ventricular-Arrhythmias-and-the-Prevention-of-Sudden-Cardiac-Death
  2. https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/43/40/3997/6675633
  3. https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Supraventricular-Tachycardia
  4. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001193
  5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26320108/

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