Cardiac Resuscitation: A Life-Saving Procedure

Introduction

Cardiac resuscitation, commonly known as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), is a crucial emergency procedure performed when a person's heart stops beating. It helps maintain circulation until professional medical assistance arrives.

Key Concepts

1. Understanding Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac arrest occurs when the heart suddenly stops pumping blood effectively. Causes include: - Heart attack (myocardial infarction) - Severe arrhythmias (e.g., ventricular fibrillation) - Trauma or injury - Drowning or suffocation - Drug overdose

Without immediate intervention, brain damage or death can occur within minutes.

2. Steps of Basic Life Support (BLS)

A. Check Responsiveness and Call for Help

  • Gently shake the person and shout for a response.
  • If there's no reaction, call emergency services (911 or your local number) and get an automated external defibrillator (AED) if available.

B. Start Chest Compressions (Hands-Only CPR if Untrained)

  1. Place the heel of your hand on the center of the chest, just below the sternum.
  2. Interlock your fingers and keep arms straight.
  3. Push down hard (at least 5 cm or 2 inches deep) and fast (100-120 compressions per minute).
  4. Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions.

C. Rescue Breaths (If Trained in CPR)

  1. After 30 chest compressions, give 2 breaths by tilting the head back and sealing your mouth over the victim's mouth.
  2. Watch for chest rise and continue.

3. Using an Automated External Defibrillator (AED)

  • Turn on the AED and follow voice prompts.
  • Attach pads to the patient’s bare chest.
  • If advised, deliver a shock.
  • Resume CPR immediately after the shock.

4. Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)

Medical professionals use medications, defibrillation, and advanced airway management to restore circulation.

Conclusion

Knowing how to perform CPR can save lives. Take a certified training course to be prepared for emergencies.


Source recommendations

1. American Heart Association Guidelines on CPR and ECC

  1. https://cpr.heart.org/en/resuscitation-science/cpr-and-ecc-guidelines
  2. https://professional.heart.org/en/science-news/2020-aha-guidelines-for-cpr-and-ecc
  3. https://cpr.heart.org/en/resources/about-cpr-and-ecc
  4. https://shopcpr.heart.org/
  5. https://cpr.heart.org/-/media/cpr-files/cpr-guidelines-files/highlights/hghlghts_2020_ecc_guidelines_english.pdf

2. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines on CPR

  1. https://cprguidelines.eu/guidelines-2021
  2. https://www.erc.edu/
  3. https://cprguidelines.eu/
  4. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00134-021-06368-4
  5. https://cprguidelines.eu/assets/guidelines/European-Resuscitation-Council-Guidelines-2021-Ba.pdf

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