Understanding EKG Heart Rhythms

Introduction

Electrocardiography (EKG or ECG) is a crucial tool for evaluating heart rhythms. It records the electrical activity of the heart and helps diagnose various cardiac conditions.

Normal vs. Abnormal Rhythms

1. Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR)

  • The heartbeat originates from the sinoatrial (SA) node.
  • Rate: 60–100 beats per minute (bpm).
  • Regular rhythm with normal P waves, QRS complexes, and T waves.

2. Common Abnormal Rhythms

A. Bradycardia (Slow Heart Rate)

  • Sinus Bradycardia: HR < 60 bpm, common in athletes and during sleep.
  • Heart Block: A delay or blockage in electrical conduction, classified as first-degree, second-degree, or third-degree.

B. Tachycardia (Fast Heart Rate)

  • Sinus Tachycardia: HR > 100 bpm, often caused by stress, fever, or dehydration.
  • Atrial Fibrillation (AFib): Irregular, rapid rhythm with no distinct P waves.
  • Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT): Rapid rhythm originating above the ventricles.
  • Ventricular Tachycardia (VT): Dangerous rhythm that may lead to cardiac arrest.

C. Irregular Rhythms

  • Atrial Flutter: "Sawtooth" pattern of atrial waves.
  • Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs): Extra beats originating from the ventricles.
  • Ventricular Fibrillation (VFib): Life-threatening, chaotic electrical activity that requires immediate defibrillation.

Diagnosis and Management

  • Diagnosis: EKG interpretation by a doctor, Holter monitoring, stress tests.
  • Treatment: Medications, pacemakers, cardioversion, catheter ablation, or lifestyle changes.

Conclusion

Understanding EKG rhythms is essential for detecting and managing heart disorders. If you experience palpitations, dizziness, or chest pain, consult a doctor immediately.

Source recommendations

1. European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on Cardiac Arrhythmias

  1. https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Ventricular-Arrhythmias-and-the-Prevention-of-Sudden-Cardiac-Death
  2. https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/43/40/3997/6675633
  3. https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Supraventricular-Tachycardia
  4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36017572/
  5. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.cir.0000091380.04100.84

2. American Heart Association Guidelines on Electrocardiography

  1. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/diagnosing-a-heart-attack/electrocardiogram-ecg-or-ekg
  2. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/circulationaha.108.191095
  3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19281932/
  4. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/circulationaha.106.180200
  5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10483977/

Our advantages:

patient2376100
Best practices from USA, EU and Japan
Our answers to your questions are based on the clinical recommendations of countries with the most developed healthcare systems in the field of cardiology in the USA, the EU and Japan.
prescription18648039
Always up-to-date information
On a daily basis, we monitor for you all new scientific research publications in leading scientific journals on medical issues of interest to you.
We monitor all innovations and changes in the field of cardiac disease treatment on a daily basis.
fvfflf7q
Get second opinion
Here you can learn everything that even your doctor may not know about cardiology (if he does not speak English and he does not read 117 leading medical journals on cardiology every month).
1xr4duup
The most comprehensive and up-to-date collection of free cardiology materials
Our website contains the most comprehensive and up-to-date collection of free cardiology materials in your country.
Every 3-5 years, half of the scientific approaches to treatment in the field of cardiology are reviewed as a result of specialized scientific discoveries. With us, you don't have to wait these years to learn about the best ways to treat you and your loved ones.
arrow
Please register in order to receive information regarding possible complications and new approaches to treatment of cardiovascular diseases via email in our Newsletters.
arrow