What Causes Heart Flutter?

Introduction

Heart flutter, also known as atrial flutter, is a type of abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) that occurs when the heart's electrical signals cause the atria (upper chambers of the heart) to beat too fast.

Causes of Atrial Flutter

Atrial flutter is typically caused by an issue with the heart’s electrical conduction system. Some of the most common causes include:

1. Heart Conditions

  • Coronary artery disease (CAD): Narrowed or blocked arteries can reduce blood flow to the heart and trigger arrhythmias.
  • Hypertension (high blood pressure): Puts strain on the heart, increasing the risk of flutter.
  • Heart valve disease: Especially issues with the mitral valve.
  • Heart failure: Weakened heart muscle can lead to abnormal rhythms.
  • Congenital heart defects: Structural issues present from birth may contribute to arrhythmias.

2. Electrolyte Imbalances

  • Low levels of potassium, magnesium, or calcium can disrupt heart electrical activity.

3. Lung Diseases

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or pulmonary embolism can increase the risk of atrial flutter.

4. Thyroid Disorders

  • Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) can accelerate heart rate and trigger arrhythmias.

5. Substance Use and Medications

  • Alcohol and stimulants (caffeine, nicotine, illegal drugs) can trigger arrhythmias.
  • Certain medications, including bronchodilators and some psychiatric drugs, may increase risk.

6. Post-Heart Surgery or Ablation

  • Atrial flutter can occur as a complication following heart surgery or catheter ablation.

Symptoms of Atrial Flutter

Some people may not experience noticeable symptoms, but common symptoms include: - Rapid or irregular heartbeat - Dizziness or lightheadedness - Shortness of breath - Fatigue - Chest discomfort

When to Seek Medical Help

If you experience severe chest pain, fainting, or difficulty breathing, seek emergency medical attention immediately.

Conclusion

Atrial flutter is a serious but manageable condition. If you have risk factors for atrial flutter, it is important to maintain heart health through lifestyle changes and medical treatment. Regular check-ups with a cardiologist are advised.

Source recommendations

1. American Heart Association Guidelines for the Management of Atrial Arrhythmias

  1. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001193
  2. https://professional.heart.org/en/science-news/2023-acc-aha-accp-hrs-guideline-for-the-diagnosis-and-management-of-atrial-fibrillation
  3. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/atrial-fibrillation
  4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38033089/
  5. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia

2. European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on Cardiac Arrhythmias

  1. https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Ventricular-Arrhythmias-and-the-Prevention-of-Sudden-Cardiac-Death
  2. https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/43/40/3997/6675633
  3. https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Supraventricular-Tachycardia
  4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36017572/
  5. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.cir.0000091380.04100.84

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