Understanding Heart Scans

Introduction

A heart scan (also known as a cardiac imaging test) is a medical procedure used to evaluate the structure and function of the heart. It helps detect heart diseases, assess risks, and guide treatment decisions.

Types of Heart Scans

There are several types of heart scans, each serving different purposes:

1. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

  • Measures the electrical activity of the heart.
  • Helps detect arrhythmias, previous heart attacks, and other heart conditions.

2. Echocardiogram

  • Uses ultrasound waves to create images of the heart.
  • Evaluates heart valve function, muscle strength, and structural abnormalities.

3. Coronary Calcium Scan (Heart CT Scan)

  • Uses a low-dose CT scan to detect calcium deposits in coronary arteries.
  • Helps assess the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD).

4. Cardiac MRI

  • Provides detailed images of the heart’s structure and function.
  • Useful for diagnosing heart muscle diseases, congenital heart defects, and inflammation.

5. Nuclear Stress Test (Myocardial Perfusion Imaging)

  • Involves injecting a small amount of radioactive material to observe blood flow to heart muscles during rest and exercise.
  • Helps diagnose coronary artery disease and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments.

6. Coronary Angiography

  • Uses a contrast dye and X-rays to visualize blockages in coronary arteries.
  • Typically performed in patients with suspected severe coronary artery disease.

When is a Heart Scan Needed?

A doctor may recommend a heart scan if you have: - Chest pain or discomfort - Shortness of breath - High blood pressure - Irregular heartbeats - A family history of heart disease - Risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, or obesity

Conclusion

Heart scans are powerful diagnostic tools that help detect and prevent serious heart conditions. If your doctor recommends a heart scan, it is important to discuss your options and understand which test is appropriate for you.

Source recommendations

1. American Heart Association Guidelines on Cardiovascular Imaging

  1. https://www.ahajournals.org/journal/circimaging
  2. https://professional.heart.org/en/professional-membership/scientific-councils/cvri
  3. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/diagnosing-a-heart-attack/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri
  4. https://professional.heart.org/en/science-news/value-creation-through-artificial-intelligence-and-cardiovascular-imaging
  5. https://education.heart.org/productdetails/circulation-cardiovascular-imaging-webinar-series-usefulness-advanced-non-invasive-imaging-to-guide-structural-heart-disease-intervention-learning-from-real-cases

2. European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on Cardiac Imaging

  1. https://www.escardio.org/Sub-specialty-communities/European-Association-of-Cardiovascular-Imaging-(EACVI)
  2. https://academic.oup.com/ehjcimaging/article/16/9/919/2399830
  3. https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Scientific-Documents/Recommendations-and-position-papers
  4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19733789/
  5. https://www.escardio.org/

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