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We provide our users the most up-to-date and accurate information on the treatment and prevention of cardio pathologies in accordance with current American and European clinical guidelines.
The information provided on this website is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult a licensed physician for diagnosis and treatment.
Understanding Long QT Syndrome (LQTS)
Introduction
Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is a heart condition that affects the electrical activity of the heart, leading to an increased risk of arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms). The name comes from the prolonged QT interval seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG), which represents the delayed repolarization of the heart.
Causes of LQTS
LQTS can be caused by: 1. Genetic mutations (Congenital LQTS) – It is often inherited and caused by mutations in genes affecting heart ion channels. 2. Acquired LQTS – Certain medications, electrolyte imbalances (such as low potassium or magnesium), or underlying medical conditions can prolong the QT interval.
Symptoms of LQTS
- Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
- Dizziness or fainting (syncope)
- Seizure-like episodes
- Sudden cardiac arrest in severe cases
Diagnosis of LQTS
A doctor may diagnose LQTS using: - Electrocardiogram (ECG) – Identifies prolonged QT intervals. - Genetic Testing – Helps in congenital cases. - Medication and Family History Review – To check for acquired causes.
Treatment of LQTS
- Lifestyle Modifications : Avoiding drugs that prolong the QT interval and managing electrolyte imbalances.
- Medications : Beta-blockers (e.g., propranolol or nadolol) help prevent arrhythmias.
- Medical Devices : A pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) may be necessary in high-risk cases.
- Surgical Option : Left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD) may be recommended for some patients.
Conclusion
LQTS is a serious but manageable condition. If you or your family members have symptoms like fainting episodes or a history of sudden cardiac events, seeking medical advice is crucial to prevent complications.
Source recommendations
1. European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death
- https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/43/40/3997/6675633
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36017572/
- https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Ventricular-Arrhythmias-and-the-Prevention-of-Sudden-Cardiac-Death
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26320108/
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000549
2. American Heart Association Guidelines for Inherited Arrhythmias
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000549
- https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiomyopathy/what-is-cardiomyopathy-in-adults/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy
- https://www.heartrhythmjournal.com/article/S1547-5271(23)02246-4/fulltext
- https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia/about-arrhythmia/conduction-disorders
- https://newsroom.heart.org/news/sweetened-drinks-linked-to-atrial-fibrillation-risk
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If you or your loved ones experience any of these symptoms, you should consult a doctor in time. Remember that self-medication can be dangerous, and timely diagnosis will preserve the quality and life expectancy.
The heart is an organ that does not know how to "keep silent" if something goes wrong. Chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling, dizziness, and rhythm disturbances are the symptoms that require our attention. The best prevention of heart disease is careful attention to your health, regular checkups with a doctor, and a healthy lifestyle. Take care of your heart, and it will serve you for many years!
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