Cardiac Myxomas: Understanding a Rare but Serious Condition

Introduction

Cardiac myxomas are rare, noncancerous (benign) tumors of the heart. Although they are not malignant, they can cause serious health problems by obstructing blood flow or creating embolisms that can lead to strokes or heart failure.

Causes and Risk Factors

Myxomas are typically found in the left atrium of the heart and are more common in women than in men. Most cases are sporadic, but some are linked to genetic conditions like Carney complex.

Symptoms

Symptoms vary depending on the tumor’s size and location: - General symptoms: Fatigue, fever, weight loss. - Cardiac symptoms: Shortness of breath, chest pain, palpitations. - Neurological symptoms: Stroke-like symptoms if embolism occurs.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves: 1. Echocardiography – Primary imaging tool to detect myxomas. 2. MRI or CT scan – Provides detailed images for surgical planning. 3. Histological Analysis – Confirms tumor type after removal.

Treatment

Surgical removal is the only effective treatment. If untreated, myxomas can lead to fatal complications such as embolisms or obstructed blood flow.

Prognosis

With complete surgical removal, prognosis is excellent. However, periodic follow-up is needed to monitor recurrence, especially in genetic cases.

Conclusion

Although rare, cardiac myxomas can lead to severe complications. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention ensure a good outcome.

Source recommendations

1. American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiovascular Disease

  1. https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/fitness/fitness-basics/aha-recs-for-physical-activity-in-adults
  2. https://professional.heart.org/en/guidelines-and-statements
  3. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/cir.0000000000000678
  4. https://www.heart.org/
  5. https://professional.heart.org/en/guidelines-statements

2. European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on Cardiac Tumors

  1. https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Cardio-oncology-guidelines
  2. https://www.jacc.org/doi/abs/10.1016/j.jaccao.2020.05.009
  3. https://www.escardio.org/static-file/Escardio/Education-Subspecialty/Courses/EACVI/EACVI%20preparatory%20course%20to%20cerfication%20in%20CMR/Cardiac%20masses%20and%20tumors_C.%20Bucciarelli-Ducci_on_behalf_of_L.Natale%20.pdf
  4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36017568/
  5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9982278/

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