Pulmonary Hypertension: Symptoms and Signs

Introduction

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious condition characterized by high blood pressure in the arteries that supply the lungs. It can lead to heart failure if left untreated. Symptoms may appear gradually and are often mistaken for other diseases, making early detection crucial.

Common Symptoms

The symptoms of pulmonary hypertension can vary depending on the severity of the disease. The most common signs include:

1. Shortness of Breath (Dyspnea)

• Often occurs during physical activity and progresses over time.
• In later stages, it may also be present at rest.

2. Fatigue

• Due to reduced oxygen supply to tissues.
• Can interfere with daily activities.

3. Dizziness and Fainting (Syncope)

• Result from insufficient blood flow to the brain.
• Can indicate more advanced disease progression.

4. Chest Pain or Pressure (Angina-like)

• Can be caused by strain on the heart from high lung arterial pressure.
• Often worsens with exertion.

5. Swelling (Edema)

• Usually in the legs, ankles, and sometimes in the abdomen.
• Caused by fluid buildup due to heart strain.

6. Bluish Lips or Skin (Cyanosis)

• Indicates low oxygen levels in the blood.
• Suggests significant impairment of lung circulation.

7. Heart Palpitations

• A sensation of rapid or irregular heartbeat.
• May reflect increased stress on the right side of the heart.

When to See a Doctor

If you experience persistent shortness of breath, chest pain, or dizziness, seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve quality of life and slow disease progression.

Conclusion

Pulmonary hypertension is a progressive and potentially life-threatening condition. Recognizing symptoms early can make a significant difference in treatment outcomes and prognosis. If you or a loved one experience any of the symptoms mentioned, consult a cardiovascular specialist as soon as possible.

Source recommendations

1. American Heart Association Guidelines on Pulmonary Hypertension

1. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/the-facts-about-high-blood-pressure/pulmonary-hypertension-high-blood-pressure-in-the-heart-to-lung-system
2. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001136
3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26534956/
4. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.122.029024
5. https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacc.2009.01.004

2. European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on Pulmonary Hypertension

1. https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Pulmonary-Hypertension-Guidelines-on-Diagnosis-and-Treatment-of
2. https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/43/38/3618/6673929
3. https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2022/08/30/19/11/2022-ESC-Guidelines-for-Pulmonary-Hypertension-ESC-2022
4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36017548/
5. https://publications.ersnet.org/content/erj/early/2022/08/25/1399300300879-2022.abstract