Smartwatch Blood Pressure Monitoring

Introduction

Smartwatches with blood pressure monitoring capabilities have become increasingly popular. However, it's important to understand their accuracy, limitations, and their role in cardiovascular health management.

How Do Smartwatches Measure Blood Pressure?

Smartwatches typically use one of two methods: 1. Optical Sensors (PPG - Photoplethysmography): These sensors estimate blood pressure by analyzing blood flow changes under the skin. This method is less accurate than traditional devices. 2. Cuff-Based Integration: Some models use an inflatable cuff built into the strap, improving accuracy but still requiring validation against medical devices.

Accuracy and Limitations

  • Not a replacement for medical monitors: Smartwatch readings may be influenced by movement, skin tone, or incorrect placement.
  • Regular calibration required: Many models require pairing with a validated blood pressure cuff for improved accuracy.
  • Best used for trends, not diagnosis: They provide useful trends but should not replace clinical blood pressure measurement for diagnosing hypertension.

Who Can Benefit?

  • Patients with hypertension who need regular tracking.
  • People at risk of cardiovascular diseases.
  • Individuals wanting insight into their daily blood pressure variations.

Conclusion and Recommendations

Smartwatches can complement traditional methods of blood pressure monitoring but should not be relied upon solely for medical decisions. Always validate readings with a certified blood pressure monitor and consult a healthcare professional for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Source recommendations

1. American Heart Association Guidelines on Blood Pressure Measurement

  1. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/understanding-blood-pressure-readings/monitoring-your-blood-pressure-at-home
  2. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/HYP.0000000000000087
  3. https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/how_to_measure_your_blood_pressure_letter_size.pdf
  4. https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2005/1001/p1391.html
  5. https://www.heart.org/en/news/2024/06/25/the-rules-for-measuring-blood-pressure-and-why-they-exist

2. European Society of Hypertension Guidelines

  1. https://www.ejinme.com/article/S0953-6205(24)00238-3/fulltext
  2. https://www.eshonline.org/
  3. https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Elevated-Blood-Pressure-and-Hypertension
  4. https://journals.lww.com/jhypertension/fulltext/2023/12000/2023_esh_guidelines_for_the_management_of_arterial.2.aspx
  5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37345492/

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