Understanding SVT (Supraventricular Tachycardia)

Introduction

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a rapid heartbeat that originates above the ventricles in the heart's electrical system. It is one of the most common types of arrhythmias, affecting both young and older individuals.

What is SVT?

SVT is an abnormally fast heart rhythm, usually over 100 beats per minute, which begins in the atria or the AV node. Typically, the normal heart rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute at rest. During an episode of SVT, the heart can beat as fast as 150-250 beats per minute.

Causes of SVT

SVT can be triggered by various factors, including: - Abnormal electrical pathways in the heart (e.g., AV nodal reentrant tachycardia). - Excessive caffeine, alcohol, or stimulants. - Emotional stress or anxiety. - Certain medications. - Underlying heart problems, such as congenital heart disease.

Symptoms of SVT

Common symptoms include: - A sensation of rapid or pounding heartbeat (palpitations). - Dizziness or lightheadedness. - Shortness of breath. - Chest discomfort. - Fatigue.

Diagnosis

SVT is typically diagnosed using: - Electrocardiogram (ECG): Records the heart’s electrical activity. - Holter monitor: A portable ECG device worn for 24-48 hours. - Electrophysiology study (EPS): Identifies the abnormal pathway.

Treatment Options

  • Vagal maneuvers: Techniques like the Valsalva maneuver or carotid sinus massage can slow down the heart rate.
  • Medications: Beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers may be prescribed.
  • Catheter ablation: A minimally invasive procedure to destroy the abnormal electrical pathway.
  • Cardioversion: Electrical shock therapy in emergency cases.

Lifestyle Modifications

  • Reduce caffeine and alcohol intake.
  • Manage stress effectively.
  • Stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet.

Conclusion

SVT is generally not life-threatening, but frequent episodes require medical evaluation. If you experience recurrent SVT, consult a cardiologist for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.

Source recommendations

1. American Heart Association Guidelines on Arrhythmias

  1. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia
  2. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001193
  3. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia/about-arrhythmia
  4. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000549
  5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29084733/

2. European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on Supraventricular Tachycardia

  1. https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Supraventricular-Tachycardia
  2. https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/41/5/655/5556821
  3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31504425/
  4. https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2019/09/10/12/36/2019-ESC-Guidelines-for-Supraventricular-Tachycardia
  5. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/cir.0000000000000311

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