Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) Medication Guide

Introduction

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a condition where the heart beats abnormally fast due to improper electrical signals in the upper chambers of the heart. It can cause symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath, and chest discomfort. Medication is often used to control the episodes, prevent recurrences, or slow the heart rate.

Types of Medications for SVT

1. Acute Episode Management

When SVT occurs suddenly, emergency treatment may be needed: - Adenosine – This is a fast-acting drug given as an IV injection to temporarily block the electrical signals in the heart and restore normal rhythm. - Beta-blockers (e.g., Metoprolol, Esmolol) – Sometimes used in an emergency setting to slow the heart rate. - Calcium channel blockers (e.g., Verapamil, Diltiazem) – Can also be used to slow conduction through the AV node.

2. Preventive Medications

For patients with frequent SVT episodes, medications may be prescribed to prevent recurrence: - Beta-blockers – These help reduce the frequency of episodes by inhibiting adrenaline effects on the heart. - Calcium channel blockers – These can provide ongoing control when beta-blockers are not suitable. - Antiarrhythmic drugs (e.g., Flecainide, Propafenone, Amiodarone, Sotalol) – These help to stabilize heart rhythm in more severe cases.

3. Long-Term Considerations

• Patients with frequent or severe SVT episodes might need further treatment like catheter ablation, which can potentially cure the condition.
• Medication must be carefully selected based on individual health conditions (e.g., heart failure, structural heart diseases).

Conclusion

Managing SVT with medication requires a tailored approach based on the severity and frequency of episodes, as well as the patient’s overall cardiovascular health. If you experience frequent or severe SVT, consult with a cardiologist for the best treatment plan.

Source recommendations

1. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Supraventricular Tachycardia

1. https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Supraventricular-Tachycardia
2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31504425/
3. https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/CVD-and-Diabetes-Guidelines
4. https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2019/09/10/12/36/2019-ESC-Guidelines-for-Supraventricular-Tachycardia
5. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001193

2. AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Cardiac Arrhythmias

1. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000549
2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30586772/
3. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001193
4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28280231/
5. https://www.hrsonline.org/guidance/clinical-resources/2018-accahahrs-guideline-evaluation-and-management-patients-bradycardia-and-cardiac-conduction