About-Cardio
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We provide our users the most up-to-date and accurate information on the treatment and prevention of cardio pathologies in accordance with current American and European clinical guidelines.
The information provided on this website is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult a licensed physician for diagnosis and treatment.
Types of Heart Valves
Introduction
The human heart has four valves that regulate blood flow, ensuring that it moves in the correct direction through the chambers of the heart. Each valve has a unique structure and function.
The Four Heart Valves
1. Aortic Valve
- Located between the left ventricle and the aorta.
- Ensures blood is pumped from the heart into systemic circulation.
- Has three cusps (or leaflets) in most people, but some may have a bicuspid aortic valve (two cusps) due to a congenital defect.
2. Mitral Valve
- Found between the left atrium and left ventricle.
- A dual-leaflet valve responsible for directing oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left ventricle.
- Dysfunction can lead to mitral valve regurgitation or stenosis.
3. Tricuspid Valve
- Sits between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
- Has three leaflets and ensures deoxygenated blood flows into the right ventricle before being sent to the lungs.
- Problems such as tricuspid regurgitation can occur when the valve does not close properly.
4. Pulmonary Valve
- Separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery.
- Ensures blood flows into the lungs to receive oxygen.
- Disorders such as pulmonary stenosis (a narrowing of the valve) can make blood flow difficult.
Common Heart Valve Diseases:
- Valve Stenosis: Occurs when the valve opening becomes too narrow, restricting blood flow.
- Valve Regurgitation (Insufficiency): When the valve doesn’t close properly, blood leaks backward.
- Valve Prolapse: A condition where the valve flaps bulge backward into the heart chamber.
Conclusion
Heart valves play a critical role in maintaining effective circulation. If you experience symptoms like shortness of breath, chest pain, or palpitations, you should consult a cardiologist for further evaluation.
Source recommendations
1. European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on Valvular Heart Disease
- https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Valvular-Heart-Disease-Guidelines
- https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/43/7/561/6358470
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34453165/
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000923
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17259184/
2. American Heart Association Guidelines for Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000923
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33332149/
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000932
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33342586/
- https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2020/12/16/21/58/2020-ACC-AHA-VHD-GL-Pt-1-GL-VHD
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If you or your loved ones experience any of these symptoms, you should consult a doctor in time. Remember that self-medication can be dangerous, and timely diagnosis will preserve the quality and life expectancy.
The heart is an organ that does not know how to "keep silent" if something goes wrong. Chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling, dizziness, and rhythm disturbances are the symptoms that require our attention. The best prevention of heart disease is careful attention to your health, regular checkups with a doctor, and a healthy lifestyle. Take care of your heart, and it will serve you for many years!
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Every 3-5 years, half of the scientific approaches to treatment in the field of cardiology are reviewed as a result of specialized scientific discoveries. With us, you don't have to wait these years to learn about the best ways to treat you and your loved ones.