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We provide our users the most up-to-date and accurate information on the treatment and prevention of cardio pathologies in accordance with current American and European clinical guidelines.
The information provided on this website is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult a licensed physician for diagnosis and treatment.
Causes of Abnormal Heartbeat (Arrhythmia)
Introduction
The heart beats in a coordinated rhythm due to electrical impulses that travel through its specialized conduction system. When something disrupts these impulses, it can lead to an abnormal heartbeat, also known as arrhythmia.
Main Causes of Abnormal Heartbeat
1. Heart-Related Causes
These conditions directly affect the heart’s ability to maintain a normal rhythm: - Coronary artery disease (CAD): Narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the heart, causing arrhythmias. - Heart attack: Scar tissue from a previous heart attack can disrupt electrical signals. - Heart failure: Weakened heart muscles affect the efficiency of electrical conduction. - Congenital heart defects: Structural abnormalities in the heart from birth may cause rhythm problems. - Heart valve disease: Malfunctioning valves strain the heart and affect its electrical system.
2. Electrolyte Imbalances
Electrolytes (such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium) are essential for proper electrical signaling in the heart. Low or high levels can disrupt this process and cause arrhythmia.
3. Hormonal Disorders
Conditions like hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) and hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) can influence heart rate and rhythm.
4. Medications and Stimulants
Certain drugs and substances can trigger abnormal heartbeats: - Caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol overstimulate the heart. - Over-the-counter decongestants with pseudoephedrine can provoke arrhythmias. - Illegal drugs such as cocaine and amphetamines disrupt normal heart function. - Some prescription medications (e.g., beta-blockers, antiarrhythmics, antidepressants) can cause arrhythmias as side effects.
5. Stress and Anxiety
Emotional stress and panic attacks can cause temporary arrhythmias. Prolonged stress increases adrenaline, which can overstimulate the heart.
6. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
People with untreated OSA may frequently experience drops in oxygen levels during sleep, which can trigger heart rhythm disturbances like atrial fibrillation.
7. Genetic Factors
Some arrhythmias are inherited, such as Long QT Syndrome or Brugada Syndrome, which can lead to sudden and severe rhythm abnormalities.
8. Aging
Older adults have a higher risk of arrhythmias due to natural changes in heart structure and function over time.
Conclusion
Arrhythmias can arise from many different factors, ranging from heart diseases to lifestyle habits and genetic predisposition. Early detection and proper management can significantly lower the risk of complications. If you experience palpitations, dizziness, or fainting, consult a doctor immediately.
Source recommendations
1. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines on Management of Arrhythmias
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001193
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16949478/
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000549
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16935995/
- https://www.acc.org/Guidelines
2. European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on Cardiac Arrhythmias
- https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Ventricular-Arrhythmias-and-the-Prevention-of-Sudden-Cardiac-Death
- https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/43/40/3997/6675633
- https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Supraventricular-Tachycardia
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36017572/
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.cir.0000091380.04100.84
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If you or your loved ones experience any of these symptoms, you should consult a doctor in time. Remember that self-medication can be dangerous, and timely diagnosis will preserve the quality and life expectancy.
The heart is an organ that does not know how to "keep silent" if something goes wrong. Chest pain, shortness of breath, swelling, dizziness, and rhythm disturbances are the symptoms that require our attention. The best prevention of heart disease is careful attention to your health, regular checkups with a doctor, and a healthy lifestyle. Take care of your heart, and it will serve you for many years!
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