What Causes Heart Palpitations?

Introduction

Heart palpitations are sensations of a rapid, fluttering, or pounding heartbeat. They can be alarming but are often harmless. However, in some cases, they may indicate an underlying medical condition that requires attention.

Common Causes of Heart Palpitations

1. Lifestyle and Emotional Factors

  • Stress and anxiety
  • Caffeine and stimulant consumption (e.g., coffee, energy drinks, nicotine)
  • Alcohol intake
  • Lack of sleep
  • Intense physical activity

2. Medical Conditions

  • Heart-related conditions: Arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats), heart failure, coronary artery disease
  • Hormonal imbalances: Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), menopause
  • Electrolyte imbalances: Low potassium, magnesium, calcium
  • Anemia: Low red blood cell count can cause palpitations
  • Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia): Common in diabetes patients or after fasting for long periods

3. Medications and Substances

  • Decongestants containing pseudoephedrine
  • Asthma medications (e.g., beta-agonists)
  • Some antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs
  • Overuse of dietary supplements (e.g., excessive vitamin B12, energy drinks)

When to See a Doctor?

Seek medical attention if palpitations are accompanied by: - Chest pain or discomfort - Shortness of breath - Dizziness or fainting - Irregular heart rhythms - Symptoms worsening over time

Conclusion

Most heart palpitations are benign and related to lifestyle or minor imbalances. However, if they are frequent, intense, or associated with other symptoms, a doctor should determine the cause and recommend appropriate treatment.

Related Clinical Guidelines

For more information, refer to the following guidelines: - 2023 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines on Arrhythmias - 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation

Source recommendations

1. 2023 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines on Arrhythmias

  1. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001193
  2. https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/Articles/2023/11/29/18/58/New-ACC-AHA-Guideline-Focuses-on-Diagnosis-Management-of-AFib-gl-af
  3. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001168
  4. https://www.acc.org/Guidelines
  5. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405500X22010945

2. 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation

  1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32860505/
  2. https://www.escardio.org/static-file/Escardio/Guidelines/Documents/ehaa612.pdf
  3. https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/42/5/373/5899003
  4. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001193
  5. https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Atrial-Fibrillation

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